Hinduism Essay -- Religion Spirituality Carvaka Yoga Essays

Hinduism In India there argon six Jewish-Orthodox schools of philosophy which recognize the authority of the Vedas as divine revelation, and they generally liaison as pairs - Nyaya and Vaishesika, Mimamsa and Vedanta, and Samkhya and Yoga. Those who did not recognize this authority were the Jains, Buddhists, and materialists. Even in India where spectral ideas dominate the culture there were some who were skeptical of those ideals and held to a materialist good deal of the world they were called Carvaka, and their doctrine that this world is all that exists is called Lokayata.The materialists did not believe in an after intent and found sense perception to be the only computer address of knowledge, denying the validity of inference or general concepts. They focused on the senses and the iv traditional elements of earth, water, fire, and air. Consciousness for the Carvaka is only a modification of these elements in the personify. The mortal is similarly identified with the bo dy, and pleasure and pain be the central experiences of life, constitution being indifferent to good and evil with virtue and vice being merely social conventions.This worldly philosophy naturally ignored the remainder of liberation (moksha) or simply believed that death as the end of life and consciousness was a liberation. However, they also tended to neglect the value of virtue or justice (dharma), placing all of their attention on the worldly aims of pleasure (kama) and wealth or power (artha).Although Carvaka ideas are menti integrityd in some ancient writings, their accept ancient writings were lost, and much of what we know of the early materialists is based on criticisms of otherwise schools. However, a famous, ancient drama called The Rise of the Moon of ground (Prabodha-candrodaya) reveals some of the beliefs of this worldly movement. In this play Passion is personified and speaks to a materialist and one of his pupils.Passion laughs at ignorant fools, who imagine t hat spirit is different from the body and reaps a reward in a future existence. This is like expecting trees to sire in air and produce fruit. Has anyone seen the soul separate from the body? Does not life come from the configuration of the body? Those who believe otherwise grass themselves and others. Their ancient teacher Brihaspati affirmed the importance of the senses, maintaining that sustenance and love are the objects of human life.For the materiali... ...ch developed into the Vaishnavite faith in medieval Hinduism.The poem begins with Dhritarashtra communicate Sanjaya what is happening not only on the field of Kuru but also on the field of dharma (virtue, duty). Sanjaya describes how both armies are arrayed against each other blowing their conch horns to show their readiness to fight. Then Arjuna asked Krishna to position his chariot between the 2 armies, and there he saw many of his relatives on the other side, causation him to feel faint and consider not fighting.Eve n though the others are killing, Arjuna does not think it would be worth it to do so, even for sovereignty of the three worlds, let alone an earthly kingdom. Evil would come to him, he says, if he should kill his relatives. How could this bring cheer? This family destruction is wrong and would put down ancient family duties and bring on lawlessness, which would lead to corruption of the women and caste mixing. wherefore should he kill for greed of royal pleasures? It would be greater happiness for him to be killed unresisting and unarmed. Thus Arjunas mind was overcome by sorrow.Krishna, who is called the Lord, responds by upbraiding Arjuna for timidity and cowardice